The 45-70 Government and 30-30 Winchester are two of the most popular lever action rifle hunting cartridges. Both were developed in the 1800s but remain in widespread use today. The 45-70 excels at big game hunting, with its heavy bullets and deep penetration, while the 30-30 is perfect for hunting whitetail deer and other medium game in the woods. Both CAN do it all, but each has its own strengths. Which lever action rifle cartridge would you pick, the 45-70 or the 30-30?